By Kemal Ülker
On November 13, 1,500 angry auto workers
stopped work and staged a sit-in at the Renault factory in Bursa in north
eastern Turkey. What made this action
notable was that the protest was aimed primarily against their officially
recognized union, Türk Metal (Union of Metal, Steel, Ammunition, Machinery, Automobile
and Related Industry Workers of Turkey). The corrupt officials of Türk Metal had
just initialled an agreement with management that completely ignored the
demands of the workers. The protest, which took place in front of the
management offices of the factory, where the Türk Metal union maintains its own
office, was the final straw for workers who have seen their wages and working
conditions steadily deteriorate over the past two decades.
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| Oyak-Renault factory |
According to reports from the scene a total of 5,000 workers rejected the
proposal made by the Turkish Metal Workers Union, citing poor working
conditions and inadequate wages that have come on top of a series of wages cuts
in previous years.
"The union must
resign," chanted hundreds of workers on Monday night. Their protests went
on past midnight.
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| Workers sit-in at Oyak-Renault |
Turkish Renault (Oyak-Renault Otomobil
Fabrikaları inc.), the second largest automobile manufacturer in Turkey is jointly
owned by Oyak (Turkish Armed Forces Pension Fund) and Renault with Oyak owning
49% and Renault owning 51% of the company.
The
Oyak-Renault workers were furious that they had not been consulted
before the union reached the proposed deal with management in advance of a scheduled round of collective
bargaining. The union leadership blatantly disregarded promises they made to
the membership. Instead, after weeks of secret
negotiations behind the backs of rank and file workers, Türk Metal officials finally
presented an agreement to the membership that gave management everything they
wanted.
The protesting workers demanded that a
notary public come to the factory so that they can begin the legal process of
leaving the Türk Metal union and join the United Metalworkers’ Union (Birlesik
Metal-İs). The Türk Metal union is a member of Türk-İş,
one of the three largest trade union confederations in Turkey. Birleşik-Metal,
a rival trade union tied to the Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions
(DİSK), has been trying to unionize at the plant as well. Onerous
anti-labor laws in Turkey mandate an extremely difficult and expensive legal
process to leave a union and join a rival organization. Workers are required to
go to a notary public, complete five copies of a detailed form, and pay a fee
that is often equivalent to several days pay.
In response to the auto workers’ revolt
against Türk Metal, private security guards employed by Oyak-Renault, were
joined by members of the Turkish fascist movement and police in a blockade of
the factory. The fascists attacked a group of workers from the nearby BOSCH
factory who came to the protest to show their solidarity with the workers of
the Oyak-Renault factory. The fascists also attacked journalists affiliated
with left-wing media organizations.
Three workers suffered severe injuries at the hands of the fascist thugs
and had to be hospitalized.
The BOSCH workers recognized their
kinship with the Oyak-Renault workers for they had initiated a similar action
earlier this year aimed against the same corrupt union. Eight months ago, on
March 14, 2012, 75 percent of the 6,000 workers at the BOSCH plant resigned en
masse from Türk Metal. BOSCH Turkey
employs more than 10,000 workers in Turkey in total, and its Bursa plant also
acts as a BOSCH’s global automotive research and development centre.
Türk Metal has long had close relations
with the fascist movement in Turkey. The logo of the union features the figure
of a wolf as its symbol, drawing from an ancient pre-Islamic Turkish totem. The
same figure has long been a common symbol of the Turkish fascist movement
(popularly known as the “Grey Wolves). Türk Metal is an extension of the
Milli-İs (an affiliate of the then tiny fascist union confederation MISK)
union, which was established in 1970 as an offensive weapon against the
Federation of Revolutionary Workers’ Unions (DISK).
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| Logo of Türk Metal |
A little historical background is
required to understand the anger of these workers. Up to the end of 1990s auto
workers used to enjoy relatively high wages in Bursa, although even then they
were subjected to a ruthless working regime in their factories. But in the last
twenty years the conditions of the auto workers have steadily deteriorated, a
direct result of increasing global competition and the world-wide economic
downturn. Most recently auto workers
experienced an 11 percent loss in real wages since 2009 as a result of
concessions made by Türk Metal. This
follows a pattern over the past two decades where, with the crucial assistance of
the Türk Metal bureaucracy auto manufacturers were able to implement systematic
reductions in operating times and considerable increases in workloads.
Throughout the 1990s Türk Metal
collaborated with employers regarding the introduction of the so-called Quality
Circles and other similar working practices with the aim of maintaining profit
margins by increasing the exploitation of the workers.
The first year of the new century
(February 2001) ushered in the most severe economic crisis Turkish capitalism
has experienced in its modern history. This downturn was not just a Turkish phenomenon, but
in the final analyses a product of the most recent trends of the world capitalist
system.
In response to the prolonged crisis of Turkish capitalism, the bourgeoisie reacted by squeezing the working class. The first wave of attacks on living standards in the 1990’s were
primarily based on the imposition of flexible work practices. The second wave, starting in 2001, was based
on cutting real wages. Altogether this systematic increase in the rate of
exploitation of workers drove down their conditions of life significantly from
what they had been twenty years ago.
Throughout this period, the ability of
the Türk Metal bureaucracy to stifle explosive reactions from the workers they
nominally represented was severely undermined.
The results were several explosions aimed not only against the employers
but against the treacherous Türk Metal bureaucracy. One such incident occurred in April 2009, when
Türk Metal gave its consent to cut wages by 35 percent in Eregli Iron and Steel
Factories (Erdemir) a steel maker located in Turkey’s Zonguldak Province on the
Black Sea. On April 20, some 1,000 angry metal workers from Erdemir, stormed
the branch office of Türk Metal and occupied the office for an extended period,
demanding information regarding the union’s ongoing talks on concessions with
company management.
In addition to acting as an enthusiastic
partner of the employers’ destruction of
the living standards of metal workers, the recent history of Türk Metal has
been marked by several scandals that illustrate the corruption and criminality
of this phony workers organization and its intimate ties to fascist and
paramilitary outfits. In 2009, a former
leader of the union, Mahmut Tasdemir, alleged that the union’s leader at the
time, Mustafa Ozbek, (current President of Türk Metal, Pevrul Kavlak was a
deputy of Ozbek) had cooperated with a paramilitary force, Jitem,
accused of organising death squads, to retain his control over the union and
apply pressure on workers. Later, Ozbek was arrested following a police raid as
part of the investigation into Ergenekon, a clandestine paramilitary-political
conspiracy. Tasdemir also charged that the illegal secret unit had held
meetings at union headquarters.
Ozbek is a good example of the extent of
the corruption of this so-called union. His private fortune is staggering, rivalling those
of many corporation owners. From a
background in poverty, he managed to accumulate enough wealth in his 34 years
as a union leader to become the owner of five-star hotels in Ankara, Didim and
Cyprus, as well as ART television and the Baha news agency. He also owns a 40
percent share of the staunchly Kemalist Cumhuriyet daily newspaper.
The history of the current president of Türk
Metal, Kavlak, is similar in many respects to Ozbek’s. However, unlike Ozbek,
after the Islamist AKP (Justice and Development Party) government managed to
hammer the Turkish Military as the last bastion of the pro-Western so-called
“secular” wing of the Turkish bourgeoisie, Kavlak changed sides and for more
than a year Türk Metal’s publications are full of pictures of incumbent prime
minister of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Is it possible to say that after almost two
decades of stagnation, the Turkish working class is taking the stage of class
struggle? Can this revolt of metal workers against the corrupt Türk Metal bureaucracy
create an electrifying impact on major sections of the working class? Can we
expect to soon see a new awakening of the Turkish proletariat?
As Marxists we support the action taken
by the metal workers to switch unions. However it would be naïve to think that the
leaders of Birlesik Metal-İs can be trusted.
Workers should keep in mind that in 1998 when almost
8,000 metal workers from several factories in Bursa revolted against Türk Metal
bureaucracy, the then leadership of Birlesik Metal-İs turned its back on these
workers in order not to upset the status quo. As a result, this outburst ended in defeat and
the leaders of these actions were all sacked by their employers working in
collaboration with the Türk Metal leadership. We urge the Oyak-Renault workers to organize
their own rank and file committees and insist of the
Birlesik Metal-İs leadership that they carry out the following demands:
* All negotiations
with employers must be open to the democratically elected representatives of
rank file workers and not just union officials. End all secret negotiations between the union
and management.
*
Workers' representatives must have the right to audit, check, verify and
examine all financial accounts of the union whenever they deem it necessary.
*Union
leaders must be able to be recalled on the demand of one-fourth of the
rank-and-file members.
*
Union leaders’ wages and other material benefits must not be more than average
workers’ wages and benefits.
*
Demands for a new round of collective bargaining negotiations must be decided
by the workers themselves. Any changes that will be made regarding these
demands must be undertaken by secret ballot of rank-and-file members.
In
addition workers should insist that the full power of the Turkish working class
be mobilized behind the following demands:
*Launch
a criminal investigation into the ties of leading members of Türk Metal with
paramilitary and fascist groups. Those
found guilty of initiating attacks on workers must be brought to justice. A worker’s commission of inquiry should be
established that is independent of the police and the corrupt state judiciary
to report on the activities of those union leaders at Bursa and elsewhere who
have collaborated with fascists and enriched themselves on the backs of the
working class.
*
The Turkish working class should join in solidarity actions with workers
throughout the Middle East and Europe in common actions against the destruction
of living standards orchestrated by the
international consortium of banks and businesses and their political spokesmen
as they attempt to make the working class pay for the crisis of
capitalism.
POSTSCRIPT
On Wednesday, Oyak-Renault management dismissed 23 Birlesik Metal-İs members
for joining an illegal strike. In the morning while trying to clock-in the 23
were denied entry to the site. Additional dismissals can happen soon. According
to rumours circulating around the plant another 25 workers could be sacked at any time.
This retaliation by management against workers protesting the actions of their union clearly shows the intimate ties between Oyak-Renault and the Türk Metal bureaucracy. The sacked workers claim that on the day of the protest management repsentatives explicitly warned them not to protest against the Türk Metal deal. Workers are also claiming that Türk Metal leaders are making up the lists of workers to be victimized. It is of course no accident that the 23 workers who were dismissed were the leaders of the protest.
As Marxists we stand in solidarity with those workers who want Birlesik Metal-İs to represent them. We call
for the reinstatement of the 23 sacked workers, an end to the campaign of
intimidation, and for Oyak-Renault to respect the right of its workforce to
select a union of their choice.
We insist that Birlesik Metal-İs provide assistance to
the 23 sacked workers. These workers and
their families should be supported with the sizeable resources at the command
of the union. We call upon Birlesik
Metal-İs to take concrete actions to mobilise international support and
solidarity for these workers. The only way to take on multinational companies
like Renault is to organize the working class internationally in solidarity
actions that cut across national borders.
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